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Panama

Dynamics of water use in Panama by estimates of SHI (1998)


 



 

 
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
1995
2000
2010
2025
                   
Popultion, mln*
.881
1.139
1.519
1.953
2.379
2.604
2.817
3.220
3.732
Irrigation area, th.ha**
12
16
20
28
32
34
37
42
48
GNP, $US per capita***
    
680
1880
2040
        
Water withdrawal, km3
0.23
0.34
0.48
0.79
0.93
1.18
1.44
1.78
2.21
Water consumption, km3
0.14
0.19
0.25
0.38
0.44
0.51
0.59
0.7
0.84
notes: * - Source: United Nations "Urban and Rural Areas 1950-2025, the 1995 Revision" (World Resources Institute data)
** - 1961-1993 Source: FAO FAOSTAT 95 (World Resources Institute data); 1995 – 2025 - SHI forecast

*** - Source: World Bank World Tables 1994 update (World Resources Institute data)


 



 

Water use of Panama (km3/year) by data of different authors


 



 

author
  
year
1975
1990
IIASA
withdrawal
1993
  
1.8
WRI
withdrawal
1991-98
1.3
  
WWDS
withdrawal
1998
  
1.8
Gleick
withdrawal
1998
  
1.3
notes: all estimates include water use for agriculture, industrial & domestic needs;
IIASA – Kulshreshtha S.N., 1993. World Water Resources & Regional Vulnerability: impact of future changes. Luxenburg: IIASA.

WRI – World Resources (1991-1992, 1992-1993, 1994, 1996, 1997-1998) – N.Y.: Oxford Univ. Press.

WWDS – World Water Resources. Demand & Supply: 1990 to 2025., 1998. Scenarious & Issues. Colombo:IWMI.

Gleick, 1998 - The World’s Water. The Beneficial Report on Freshwater Resources 1998-1999, 1998, Peter Gleick, Washington, D.C. Covello, California.