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Malaysia

Dynamics of water use in Malaysia by estimates of SHI (1998)

 
1960
1970
1980
1990
1995
2000
2010
2025
                 
Popultion, mln*
6.9
10.4
13.7
17.9
20.1
22.1
26.0
30.9
Irrigation area, th.ha**
  
 262
320
342
  
328
338
392
Irrigation area, th.ha***
228
262
320
335
340
      
GNP, $US per capita****
  
 1071
1749
2388
        
Water withdrawal, km3
7.0
8.4
10.0
13.7
14.1
14.4
18..4
28.4
Water consumption, km3
2.9
3.4
4.1
4.7
4.6
4.6
5.0
6.5
notes: * - Source: United Nations Organization
** - 1961-1993 Source: FAO Production Yearbook, 1965-1994. Rome: FAO; 1995 – 2025 - SHI 1995 forecast

*** - Source: Gleick, 1998

**** - Source: World Bank / IMF – International Financial Statistics Yearbook, 1980-1994. N.Y.: World Bank/IMF

Water use of Malaysia (km3/year) by data of different authors

author
  
year
1975
1985
1990
1995
20251)
20252)
IIASA
withdrawal
1993
    
13.7
      
WRI
withdrawal
1991-93
9.42
          
WRI
withdrawal
1997-98
9.4
          
WWDS
withdrawal
1998
    
13.7
  
24.3
18.6
UNSY
withdrawal
1992
    
13.7
      
Gleick
withdrawal
1993
9.42
          
Gleick
withdrawal
1998
     
9.42
      
EnvInd
withdrawal
1992
  
10
  
S&N
withdrawal
1998
      
12
    

notes: all estimates include water use for agriculture, industrial & domestic needs;

1) – scenario 1

2) – scenario 2

IIASA – Kulshreshtha S.N., 1993. World Water Resources & Regional Vulnerability: impact of future changes. Luxenburg: IIASA.

WRI – World Resources (1991-1992, 1992-1993, 1994, 1996, 1997-1998) – N.Y.: Oxford Univ. Press.

WWDS – World Water Resources. Demand & Supply: 1990 to 2025., 1998. Scenarious & Issues. Colombo:IWMI.

UNSY – United National Statistical Yearbook 1992, 39, 1993– N.Y..:UN.

Gleick, 1993 - Water in Crisis. A Guide to the World's Fresh Water Resources, 1993. Edited by P. Gleick. N.Y. Oxford Univ.Press.

Gleick, 1998 - The World’s Water. The Beneficial Report on Freshwater Resources 1998-1999, 1998, Peter Gleick, Washington, D.C. Covello, California.

Env.Ind. – Environmental Indicators, 1992. In depth analyses of individual indicators: intensity of use of water resources. Paris, OECD.

S&N - Sources and Nature of Water Quality Problems in Asia and the Pacific. 1998. N.Y.: ESCAP.