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Indonesia

Dynamics of water use in Indonesia by estimates of SHI (1998)

 
1960
1970
1980
1990
1995
2000
2010
2025
                 
Popultion, mln*
94.2
120
146
184
197
211
238
271
Irrigation area, th.ha**
 
4370
5418
7600
8200
8200
8300
8400
Irrigation area, th.ha***
3900
3900
4301
4410
       
GNP, $US per capita****
 
251
425
576
       
Water withdrawal, km3
23.3
26.2
32.4
45.4
49.0
54.0
62.7
90.5
Water consumption, km3
14.4
16.0
19.7
27.5
30.2
30.9
32.7
36.5
notes: * - Source: United Nations Organization
** - 1961-1993 Source: FAO Production Yearbook, 1965-1994. Rome: FAO; 1995 – 2025 - SHI 1995 forecast

*** - Source: Gleick, 1998

**** - Source: World Bank / IMF – International Financial Statistics Yearbook, 1980-1994. N.Y.: World Bank/IMF

Water use of Indonesia (km3/year) by data of different authors

author
 
year
1985
1987
1990
1995
20251)
20252)
IIASA
withdrawal
1993
   
17.6
     
WRI
withdrawal
1991-93
 
16.6
       
WRI
withdrawal
1996-98
 
16.6
       
WWDS
withdrawal
1998
   
17.5
 
32.8
24.2
UNSY
withdrawal
1992
   
17.5
     
Gleick
withdrawal
1993
 
16.6
       
Gleick
withdrawal
1998
   
17.6
     
EnvInd
withdrawal
1992
45
 
S&N
withdrawal
1998
     
49
   

notes: all estimates include water use for agriculture, industrial & domestic needs;

1) – scenario 1

2) – scenario 2

IIASA – Kulshreshtha S.N., 1993. World Water Resources & Regional Vulnerability: impact of future changes. Luxenburg: IIASA.

WRI – World Resources (1991-1992, 1992-1993, 1994, 1996, 1997-1998) – N.Y.: Oxford Univ. Press.

WWDS – World Water Resources. Demand & Supply: 1990 to 2025., 1998. Scenarious & Issues. Colombo:IWMI.

UNSY – United National Statistical Yearbook 1992, 39, 1993– N.Y..:UN.

Gleick, 1993 - Water in Crisis. A Guide to the World's Fresh Water Resources, 1993. Edited by P. Gleick. N.Y. Oxford Univ.Press.

Gleick, 1998 - The World’s Water. The Beneficial Report on Freshwater Resources 1998-1999, 1998, Peter Gleick, Washington, D.C. Covello, California.

Env.Ind. – Environmental Indicators, 1992. In depth analyses of individual indicators: intensity of use of water resources. Paris, OECD.

S&N - Sources and Nature of Water Quality Problems in Asia and the Pacific. 1998. N.Y.: ESCAP.