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Madagascar

Dynamics of water use in Madagascar by estimates of SHI (1998)

 
1960
1970
1980
1990
1995
2000
2010
2025
                 
Popultion, mln*
5.39
6.75
8.70
12.0
14.9
17.9
24.1
33.8
Irrigation area, th.ha**
  
330
645
920
  
1170
1290
1400
Irrigation area, th.ha***
300
330
645
1000
1087
1271
1400
1500
GNP, $US per capita****
  
338
308
256
        
Water withdrawal, km3
4.8
5.4
11.7
19.7
22.5
25.2
28.1
32.0
Water consumption, km3
2.91
3.21
7.01
11.7
13.3
15.0
16.5
19.2
notes: * - Source: United Nations Organization
** - 1961-1993 Source: FAO Production Yearbook, 1965-1994. Rome: FAO; 1995 – 2025 - SHI 1995 forecast

*** - Source: Gleick, 1998

**** - Source: World Bank / IMF – International Financial Statistics Yearbook, 1980-1994. N.Y.: World Bank/IMF

Water use of Madagascar (km3/year) by data of different authors

author
  
year
1984
1990
20251)
20252)
IIASA
withdrawal
1993
  
20.1
    
WRI
withdrawal
1991-93
16.3
      
WRI
withdrawal
1997-98
16.3
      
WWDS
withdrawal
1998
  
20.6
56.5
28.6
UNSY
withdrawal
1992
  
19.7
    
Gleick
withdrawal
1993
16.3
      
Gleick
withdrawal
1998
16.3
      
IrAf
withdrawal
1995
16.3
      

notes: all estimates include water use for agriculture, industrial & domestic needs;

1) – scenario 1

2) – scenario 2

IIASA – Kulshreshtha S.N., 1993. World Water Resources & Regional Vulnerability: impact of future changes. Luxenburg: IIASA.

WRI – World Resources (1991-1992, 1992-1993, 1994, 1996, 1997-1998) – N.Y.: Oxford Univ. Press.

WWDS – World Water Resources. Demand & Supply: 1990 to 2025., 1998. Scenarious & Issues. Colombo:IWMI.

UNSY – United National Statistical Yearbook 1992, 39, 1993– N.Y..:UN.

Gleick, 1993 - Water in Crisis. A Guide to the World's Fresh Water Resources, 1993. Edited by P. Gleick. N.Y. Oxford Univ.Press.

Gleick, 1998 - The World’s Water. The Beneficial Report on Freshwater Resources 1998-1999, 1998, Peter Gleick, Washington, D.C. Covello, California.

IrAf – Irrigation in Africa in figures, 1995. Extract from report 7. Rome: FAO.