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Japan

Dynamics of water use in Japan by estimates of SHI (1998)


 



 

 
1960
1970
1980
1990
1995
2000
2010
2025
                 
Popultion, mln*
93.2
104
117
124
125
125
126
121
Irrigation area, th.ha**
 
3415
3055
2847
 
2700
2650
2600
Irrigation area, th.ha***
2940
3415
3055
2846
2737
      
GNP, $US per capita****
 
12086
16772
23734
       
Water withdrawal, km3
80.0
83.4
90.0
90.6
89.6
88.6
99.8
112
Water consumption, km3
38.8
46.8
45.4
45.0
44.0
43.0
46.0
51.8
notes: * - Source: United Nations Organization
** - 1961-1993 Source: FAO Production Yearbook, 1965-1994. Rome: FAO; 1995 – 2025 - SHI 1995 forecast

*** - Source: Gleick, 1998

**** - Source: World Bank / IMF – International Financial Statistics Yearbook, 1980-1994. N.Y.: World Bank/IMF


Water use of Japan (km3/year) by data of different authors


 



 

author
 
year
1970
1980
1990
1995
20251)
20252)
IIASA
withdrawal
1993
   
114
     
WRI
withdrawal
1991-93
 
108
       
WRI
withdrawal
1997-98
   
90.8
     
WWDS
withdrawal
1998
   
90.8
 
89.4
67.0
UNSY
withdrawal
1992
   
90.5
     
Margat
withdrawal
1994
83.4
87.6
84.0
     
Gleick
withdrawal
1993
 
108
       
Gleick
withdrawal
1998
   
114
     
S&N
withdrawal
1998
     
90
   

notes: all estimates include water use for agriculture, industrial & domestic needs;

1) – scenario 1

2) – scenario 2

IIASA – Kulshreshtha S.N., 1993. World Water Resources & Regional Vulnerability: impact of future changes. Luxenburg: IIASA.

WRI – World Resources (1991-1992, 1992-1993, 1994, 1996, 1997-1998) – N.Y.: Oxford Univ. Press.

WWDS – World Water Resources. Demand & Supply: 1990 to 2025., 1998. Scenarious & Issues. Colombo:IWMI.

UNSY – United National Statistical Yearbook 1992, 39, 1993– N.Y..:UN.

Margat, 1994 - Water use in the World Present and Future., 1994. J.Margat. Paris: UNESCO.

Gleick, 1993 - Water in Crisis. A Guide to the World's Fresh Water Resources, 1993. Edited by P. Gleick. N.Y. Oxford Univ.Press.

Gleick, 1998 - The World’s Water. The Beneficial Report on Freshwater Resources 1998-1999, 1998, Peter Gleick, Washington, D.C. Covello, California.

S&N - Sources and Nature of Water Quality Problems in Asia and the Pacific. 1998.N.Y.: ESCAP.