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India

Dynamics of water use in India by estimates of SHI (1998)

 
1960
1970
1980
1990
1995
2000
2010
2025
                 
Popultion, mln*
429
539
664
846
935
1017
1182
1371
Irrigation area, th.ha**
     
43050
44459
46468
50846
64907
Irrigation area, th.ha***
24685
30440
38478
45144
55000
     
GNP, $US per capita****
 
234
261
359
       
Water withdrawal, km3
277
342
432
518
542
565
628
830
Water consumption, km3
195
240
303
366
380
396
433
556
notes: * - Source: United Nations Organization
** - 1961-1993 Source: FAO Production Yearbook, 1965-1994. Rome: FAO; 1995 – 2025 - SHI 1995 forecast

*** - Source: Gleick, 1998

**** - Source: World Bank / IMF – International Financial Statistics Yearbook, 1980-1994. N.Y.: World Bank/IMF

Water use of India (km3/year) by data of different authors

author
 
year
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2025
IIASA
withdrawal
1993
       
517
     
WRI
withdrawal
1991-93
 
380
           
WRI
withdrawal
199-98
 
380
           
UNSY
withdrawal
1992
       
518
     
Gleick
withdrawal
1993
 
380
             
Gleick
withdrawal
1998
       
516
     
Margat
withdrawal
1994
307
 
451
 
592
     
EnvInd
withdrawal
1992
     
400
       
W&R
withdrawal
1994
           
596
940
Singh
withdrawal
1997
           
723
1050
S&N
withdrawal
1998
         
552
   

notes: all estimates include water use for agriculture, industrial & domestic needs;

IIASA – Kulshreshtha S.N., 1993. World Water Resources & Regional Vulnerability: impact of future changes. Luxenburg: IIASA.

WRI – World Resources (1991-1992, 1992-1993, 1994, 1996, 1997-1998) – N.Y.: Oxford Univ. Press.

WWDS – World Water Resources. Demand & Supply: 1990 to 2025., 1998. Scenarious & Issues. Colombo:IWMI.

UNSY – United National Statistical Yearbook 1992, 39, 1993– N.Y..:UN.

Gleick, 1993 - Water in Crisis. A Guide to the World's Fresh Water Resources, 1993. Edited by P. Gleick. N.Y. Oxford Univ.Press.

Gleick, 1998 - The World’s Water. The Beneficial Report on Freshwater Resources 1998-1999, 1998, Peter Gleick, Washington, D.C. Covello, California.

Margat, 1994 - Water use in the World Present and Future., 1994. J.Margat. Paris: UNESCO.

Env.Ind. – Environmental Indicators, 1992. In depth analyses of individual indicators: intensity of use of water resources. Paris, OECD.

W&R – Water & Related Statistics, 1994. New Delhi: Central Water Comission

S&N - Sources and Nature of Water Quality Problems in Asia and the Pacific. 1998.N.Y.: ESCAP.

Singh – Water Resources Development in India – a Perspective, 1997. P.Singh. Proc.Int.Symp. on Emerging Trends in Hydrology (Roorkee, India, September 1977). Roorkee: Univ.Press.